Source URL: https://playwright.dev/docs/protractor

Migrating from Protractor | Playwright

Migration Principles

No need for “webdriver-manager” / Selenium.
Protractor’s ElementFinder ⇄ Playwright Test Locator
Protractor’s waitForAngular ⇄ Playwright Test auto-waiting
Don’t forget to await in Playwright Test

Cheat Sheet

Protractor	Playwright Test	`element(by.buttonText('...'))`	`page.locator('button, input[type="button"], input[type="submit"] >> text="..."')`	`element(by.css('...'))`	`page.locator('...')`	`element(by.cssContainingText('..1..', '..2..'))`	`page.locator('..1.. >> text=..2..')`	`element(by.id('...'))`	`page.locator('#...')`	`element(by.model('...'))`	`page.locator('[ng-model="..."]')`	`element(by.repeater('...'))`	`page.locator('[ng-repeat="..."]')`	`element(by.xpath('...'))`	`page.locator('xpath=...')`	`element.all`	`page.locator`	`browser.get(url)`	`await page.goto(url)`	`browser.getCurrentUrl()`	`page.url()`

Example

Protractor:

    describe('angularjs homepage todo list', function() {
      it('should add a todo', function() {
        browser.get('https://angularjs.org');

        element(by.model('todoList.todoText')).sendKeys('first test');
        element(by.css('[value="add"]')).click();

        const todoList = element.all(by.repeater('todo in todoList.todos'));
        expect(todoList.count()).toEqual(3);
        expect(todoList.get(2).getText()).toEqual('first test');

        // You wrote your first test, cross it off the list
        todoList.get(2).element(by.css('input')).click();
        const completedAmount = element.all(by.css('.done-true'));
        expect(completedAmount.count()).toEqual(2);
      });
    });

Line-by-line migration to Playwright Test:

    const { test, expect } = require('@playwright/test'); // 1

    test.describe('angularjs homepage todo list', () => {
      test('should add a todo', async ({ page }) => { // 2, 3
        await page.goto('https://angularjs.org'); // 4

        await page.locator('[ng-model="todoList.todoText"]').fill('first test');
        await page.locator('[value="add"]').click();

        const todoList = page.locator('[ng-repeat="todo in todoList.todos"]'); // 5
        await expect(todoList).toHaveCount(3);
        await expect(todoList.nth(2)).toHaveText('first test', {
          useInnerText: true,
        });

        // You wrote your first test, cross it off the list
        await todoList.nth(2).getByRole('textbox').click();
        const completedAmount = page.locator('.done-true');
        await expect(completedAmount).toHaveCount(2);
      });
    });

Migration highlights (see inline comments in the Playwright Test code snippet):

Each Playwright Test file has explicit import of the test and expect functions
Test function is marked with async
Playwright Test is given a page as one of its parameters. This is one of the many useful fixtures in Playwright Test.
Almost all Playwright calls are prefixed with await
Locator creation with page.locator() is one of the few methods that is sync.

Polyfilling `waitForAngular`

Playwright Test has built-in auto-waiting that makes protractor’s waitForAngular unneeded in general case.

However, it might come handy in some edge cases. Here’s how to polyfill waitForAngular function in Playwright Test:

Make sure you have protractor installed in your package.json
Polyfill function

async function waitForAngular(page) {
           const clientSideScripts = require('protractor/built/clientsidescripts.js');

           async function executeScriptAsync(page, script, ...scriptArgs) {
             await page.evaluate(`
               new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
                 const callback = (errMessage) => {
                   if (errMessage)
                     reject(new Error(errMessage));
                   else
                     resolve();
                 };
                 (function() {${script}}).apply(null, [...${JSON.stringify(scriptArgs)}, callback]);
               })
             `);
           }

           await executeScriptAsync(page, clientSideScripts.waitForAngular, '');
         }

If you don’t want to keep a version protractor around, you can also use this simpler approach using this function (only works for Angular 2+):

async function waitForAngular(page) {
           await page.evaluate(async () => {
             // @ts-expect-error
             if (window.getAllAngularTestabilities) {
               // @ts-expect-error
               await Promise.all(window.getAllAngularTestabilities().map(whenStable));
               // @ts-expect-error
               async function whenStable(testability) {
                 return new Promise(res => testability.whenStable(res));
               }
             }
           });
         }

Polyfill usage

const page = await context.newPage();
         await page.goto('https://example.org');
         await waitForAngular(page);

Playwright Test Super Powers

Once you’re on Playwright Test, you get a lot!

Full zero-configuration TypeScript support
Run tests across all web engines (Chrome, Firefox, Safari) on any popular operating system (Windows, macOS, Ubuntu)
Full support for multiple origins, (i)frames, tabs and contexts
Run tests in parallel across multiple browsers
Built-in test artifact collection

You also get all these ✨ awesome tools ✨ that come bundled with Playwright Test:

Playwright Inspector
Playwright Test Code generation
Playwright Tracing for post-mortem debugging

Migrating from Protractor

Migrating from Protractor | Playwright

Migration Principles​

Cheat Sheet​

Example​

Polyfilling waitForAngular​

Playwright Test Super Powers​

Further Reading​

Migration Principles

Cheat Sheet

Example

Polyfilling `waitForAngular`

Playwright Test Super Powers

Further Reading